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        谈谈NODE_ENV
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        <span itemprop="name">月光倾城的代码小屋</span>
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    <h4 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h4><p>在下载别人的源码的时候，一看 package.json 经常就能看到一串代码—NODE_ENV=development。这个东西到底是个啥？<br><img src="http://ouizhbgin.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/2017/11/03/node_env_package_json.png" alt="node_env"><br>好，不懂没事，只要你能正常运行都能忍，结果自己到 cmd 里跑<code>npm run start</code>，竟然还报错了：</p>
<figure class="highlight lsl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">'NODE_ENV' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序</span><br><span class="line">或批处理文件。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">npm ERR! Windows_NT <span class="number">6.1</span><span class="number">.7601</span></span><br><span class="line">npm ERR! argv <span class="string">"D:<span class="subst">\\</span>nodejs<span class="subst">\\</span>node.exe"</span> <span class="string">"D:<span class="subst">\\</span>nodejs<span class="subst">\\</span>node_modules<span class="subst">\\</span>npm<span class="subst">\\</span>bin<span class="subst">\\</span>npm-cli.js"</span> <span class="string">"start"</span></span><br><span class="line">npm ERR! node v4<span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.0</span>-rc<span class="number">.5</span></span><br><span class="line">npm ERR! npm  v2<span class="number">.14</span><span class="number">.2</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>于是经过一顿查找，我现在把我学到的一些东西记录下来。</p>
<h4 id="NODE-ENV-是什么"><a href="#NODE-ENV-是什么" class="headerlink" title="NODE_ENV 是什么"></a>NODE_ENV 是什么</h4><p>NODE_ENV 其实就是一个环境变量，然后它的值等于<code>production</code>，意思就是启用生产环境。nodejs 程序在执行的时候可以通过<code>prosess.env</code>来获取已经设置的环境变量，下面请看截图：我创建了一个名为<code>app.js</code>的文件，让它输出<code>prosess.env</code>的值，然后分别放在 window 和 linux 下运行，结果如下：<br><strong>app.js:</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="selector-tag">console</span><span class="selector-class">.log</span>(<span class="selector-tag">prosess</span><span class="selector-class">.env</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>linux:</strong><br><img src="http://ouizhbgin.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/2017/11/03/linux_prosess_env.png" alt="linux_prosess.env"><br><strong>windows:</strong><br><img src="http://ouizhbgin.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/2017/11/03/windows_prosess_env.png" alt="windows_prosess.env"><br>这不就是熟悉的环境变量吗？这样来讲 windows 下使用<code>SET NODE_ENV=production</code>以及 linux 下使用<code>export NODE_ENV=production</code>都是在设置<code>NODE_ENV</code>这样一个环境变量的值为 production，接下来他们在代码里就可以根据<code>prosess.env.NODE_ENV</code>是否等于 production 来判断当前环境是否为生产环境，从而来选择执行生产环境的代码。</p>
<p>由于 window 和 linux 下设置环境变量采用的不同的语法，一个是 set，一个是 export，于是就有人写了一个包—<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/cross-env" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cross-env</a>，用来克服这种差异。使用方法如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>安装 cross-env: <code>npm install cross-env --save-dev</code></li>
<li>修改 package.json，在<code>NODE_ENV=xxxxxxx</code>前面添加<code>cross-env</code>就可以了。</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="如何使用环境变量来记录密码这些敏感信息"><a href="#如何使用环境变量来记录密码这些敏感信息" class="headerlink" title="如何使用环境变量来记录密码这些敏感信息"></a><strong>如何使用环境变量来记录密码这些敏感信息</strong></h4><p>在一个项目中经常需要配置一些数据库密码，甚至使用<code>nodemail</code>的话需要配置邮箱密码，所以这种 config 文件一般都需要在<code>.gitignore</code>中忽略提交，但是如果<code>config</code>文件经常变动，不提交的话，代码又不好同步。于是我们就可以学习下<code>NODE_ENV</code>的做法，将密码等敏感信息写入环境变量，在<code>nodejs</code>程序中需要用到密码的时候，使用<code>prosess.env.xxx</code>去获取密码，请看下面实例：</p>
<ol>
<li>使用 vi 编辑用户根目录下的.bashrc 文件，export 一个自定义变量</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">export</span> <span class="attribute">XXX</span>=message</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="http://ouizhbgin.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/2017/11/03/bashrc.png" alt=".bashrc"></p>
<ol start="2">
<li>使用<code>source ~/.bashrc</code>来使刚才的改动生效</li>
<li>然后在 app.js 中输出 XXX，<code>console.log(prosess.env.XXX)</code>就能看到控制台输出了<code>message</code>字段<br><img src="http://ouizhbgin.bkt.clouddn.com/blog/2017/11/03/root_message.png" alt="message"></li>
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